Larry Swedroe

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Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

By Larry Swedroe | Nov 4, 2009 |

According to an article in Investment News, some advisors are turning away from buy-and-hold principles for their clients and moving toward strategies such as “tactical investing,” which is just a fancy word for market timing. If your advisor is one of those, run.

To quote from the article: “More professionals are questioning the value of buy-and-hold strategies.” Robert Levitt, president of Levitt Capital Management, LLC, stated “It’s time for the industry to wake up and realize retail investors don’t have a long-term risk tolerance, and I would think if you were a buy-and-hold firm last year, you don’t have many clients left.”

Perhaps it’s Mr. Levitt who needs to wake up. My firm, Buckingham Asset Management, has been advising individuals and institutional investors since 1994. Since day one, we’ve based our investment philosophy on academic evidence from highly regarded peer-reviewed journals, which has shown that the strategy most likely to allow you to achieve your financial goals was a passive buy, hold and rebalance strategy. We now manage approximately $1.9 billion — almost identical to the amount of assets we had under management before the crisis. Our sister firm, BAM Advisor Services, acts as a provider of services and intellectual capital to more than 100 other RIA firms with about $8 billion under management. And they too have about the same amount of assets under management as they had before the crisis.

Given that the equity markets haven’t fully recovered their losses, it’s obvious that these firms (mine included) have been adding to their client base.

Our clients stayed disciplined because they were educated on the failure of active management, the inability of prognosticators to forecast better than chimps, and the inevitability of bear markets. Thus, they took the amount of risk appropriate for them. While a few clients learned they were overconfident of their ability to withstand the stress of a severe bear market, even the majority of them were able to avoid panicked selling because we helped them stay true to the principles of prudent investing and reminded them that market timing was a loser’s game.

The results of 2008 and 2009 have only added to the body of evidence on the failure of active management. The majority of active funds underperform in all market conditions, and studies show there’s no persistence in outperformance beyond the randomly expected. This is true whether we look at individual investors, mutual funds, hedge funds or pension plans.

The article quoted another advisor: “It’s fair to say that in this market, there is a need for more active management. One of the most frequent comments we have been getting from prospective clients is that their adviser just sat there last year as the market went down.” My response is that good advisors don’t sit there and do nothing. Good advisors harvest tax losses and rebalance their clients’ portfolios to stick to the plan tailored to their ability, willingness and need to take risk to achieve their financial goals.

Warren Buffett is one of the greatest investors of all time. So who should you take advice from, some advisor who espouses market timing or Buffett who states “We continue to make more money when snoring than when active”?

While we all would like to believe there’s someone who can predict where the market is going, there’s no such person. You’re best served by focusing on the things you can control — the amount of risk you take, costs, tax efficiency and broad global diversification.

 
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  •  
    1

    MarkWolfinger

    11/04/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    They did not take the amount of risk appropriate for them. They took the amount of risk you assigned to them.

    But failing to offer risk-reducing option strategies, you offer only part of the plan for an intelligent investor.

    Do you even ask clients if they would be willing to give up the upside in exchange for a guaranteed limit on losses? Of course you don't. You make that decision for them.

    Best regards,

  •  
    2

    MarkWolfinger

    11/04/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    Roger,

    I don't want to begin an argument, but if no one accepts your challenge it may be because they consider you too insignificant to bother.

    It does not mean they are afraid of losing.

    Remember when Limbaugh offered to debate Obama? Of course that challenge was ignored.

  •  
    3

    larry swedroe

    11/04/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    Mark
    You have a misinformed perception of how a good advisor works. A good advisor never assigns an asset allocation to an investor. A good advisor first helps investors to identify their ability, willingness or need to take risk. Having done that a good advisor then discussing various alternative asset allocations and discusses the pros and cons of each. Then it is the investor who decides what is the appropriate asset allocation for them as they are the only ones that have to live with the risks.

    Second, I already gave you the reasons why I don't believe that the kind of options strategies you recommend are appropriate---except in unique situations. IMO there are better ways to manage the risks, ones that are more efficient. You can disagree and that is fine.

  •  
    4

    larry swedroe

    11/04/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    Roger
    I already explained why such a challenge is meaningless.

    And you asked the question about who would choose passive over active? Well about 40% of institutional assets are invested passively, and the percent is rising every year.
    So there are thousands of reasonable investors.

    These are investors who have access to the historical evidence. And all of the evidence shows that passive is much more likely to produce superior results. The same holds for mutual funds, hedge funds, venture capital, pension plans and even the new behavioral funds.

    So the challenge has already been taking place for decades and the winner already established by the evidence.

    Now if you want to market your services---take it elsewhere. Here we deal in facts, the science, evidence from peer reviewed academic journals. Not hype.

  •  
    5

    MarkWolfinger

    11/04/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    I hope you are the type of advisor you describe.

    Larry I am not misinformed about how a GOOD financial advisor works.


    I just don't believe there are very many of them.

    I believe that most are just salesmen - unfamiliar with the products they sell. Certainly unwilling to learn about new products or think outside the box. In short, people who just want to earn a commission.

    They input the client data into a computer - and out comes a pretty graph. And the choices made on those graphs pretty much are what the uninformed customer buys.




  •  
    6

    larry swedroe

    11/04/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    Mark


    I agree with your view on advisors. It is far too easy to become a RIA. I wrote a blog on the subject, How to Identify an Advisor You Can Trust to help investors. That subject is also addressed in several of my books.

    BTW-on the subject of covered calls, just to clarify. I don't think they are a bad strategy. There are far worse things one could do. I did not place covered calls in the bad or the ugly category in my book on Alternative Investments. However, I do not believe they are the optimal strategy to achieve an objective. So we will agree to disagree there.

  •  
    7

    joegm

    11/04/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    If you know something about carpentry, and particularly if you've done some yourself, then when you need the services of a carpenter you are more likely to choose a good one and be pleased with the results.

    The same thing is true of financial advisors. If you don't take the trouble to understand that advisor's approach, and if you are too lazy to evaluate object evidence about the typical results produced by that approach, you will likely be unhappy with the results. Having read, studied, and digested Larry's books, I've adopted his approach, I've managed my own investments without an advisor, and I've been pleased with the outcome. If I ever feel the need for an advisor, I'll know what to look for.

    Unfortunately, the simple fact is that most individuals are too intellectually lazy to educate themselves. I know a lot of very bright, well-educated, professional people who would waste an hour and a couple of gallons of gas shopping around to save 20 bucks on a new TV, but who can't find the time to study investing. Inevitably they put their money in the hands of some hack advisor who was recommended to them by a friend. They are very unlikely to know the true rate of return of their entire portfolio, or how it compares to the market indexes.

    With luck, blogs like this will get people to at least understand the argument about passive versus active investing, no matter which approach they chose. However, I doubt it - given the choice of taking the intellectual effort to evaluate the options or getting the better buy on the TV, the vast majority will still chose the latter.

  •  
    8

    larry swedroe

    11/05/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    Joegm
    I completely agree. Two of the great tragedies in this country are:
    The educational system has completely failed the public. Despite its importance unless you get an MBA in finance it is likely that you have never even taken a single course in capital markets theory. That makes it difficult to differentiate hype and marketing from true knowledge. And investors get their "knowledge" mostly from people who have a direct conflict of interest because the winning game for Wall Street and the media is active investing but it is the loser's game for investors. As William Sharpe demonstrates elegantly in his paper The Arithmetic of Active Management it is simple math, you don't need elegant theories to prove the point.

    The public in general seems to prefer to "invest" their time watching reality TV shows or reading some romance novel rather than spending the time and effort to learn how markets really work. They would rather buy a book filled with hype than one that presents the academic evidence---books like mine and those in the recommended reading lists in my books. Books by authors like William Bernstein and John Bogle.
    Which brings me to one of my favorite expressions:

    If you think education is expensive, try ignorance.

  •  
    9

    mid-coast Mainer

    11/12/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    OK, so one should stick to their asset allocation regardless
    of what the market is doing. Do you do anything besides
    rebalance? Do you do any trading within those asset
    classes and sub-classes? Do you only invest in indexes or
    do you buy stocks?

    Is there such a thing as an active buy and hold strategy? I
    know an adviser who believes in buy and hold but who has
    no use for index funds. I'm confused about buy & hold vs
    active vs passive vs index vs..... Could you explain?

    Finally, I was looking at Mornigstar and the 10 yr return for
    an S&P 500 mutual fund was negative (I can't remember
    what it was exactly). In fact just about every fund I was
    looking at except emerging markets has a negative 10 yr
    return. Somehow that doesn't give me a good feeling about
    buy and hold. Ten years is a long time to be invested and
    to be under water in the equity side of one's investments.

    Thanks for your thoughts.

  •  
    10

    larry swedroe

    11/14/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Is Your Advisor Starting to Use Active Management?

    MidCoast
    First, there is no evidence that anyone can identify ahead of time the very few active managers that will outperform appropriate risk adjusted benchmarks.

    Second, you cannot be buy and hold and use active funds because the active fund is not buy and hold and they move to cash and shift asset classes (style drift) causing you to lose control over the risk and expected return of the portfolio.

    Third, buy and hold is not sufficient. It should be buy and hold and rebalance (otherwise you let market moves determine your AA and you get style drift) and for taxable accounts you need to add tax loss harvest as appropriate.

    Fourth, you should avoid individual stocks because owning them incurs taking uncompensated diversifiable risk and thus is more akin to speculating than investing. The market does not compensate you with higher returns for taking diversifiable (unsystematic) risk, only systematic risk is compensated with risk premiums (for taking risk you cannot diversify away).

    Fifth, while the S&P is down for last ten years there are many asset classes that are not, like Emerging Markets and small value and small caps and others--

    Sixth, there must be the possibility of losses, or returns less than the riskless rate, no matter how long the horizon or there would be no risk in owning stocks. Believing that stocks are safe if your horizon is long enough is one of the worst mistakes investors make--stocks are risky no matter how long the horizon.

    I would suggest that if you have not read my books you would benefit from doing so. They would provide the answers to these and many other questions I am sure you have

    I hope the above is helpful

    Best wishes
    Larry

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Larry Swedroe

Larry Swedroe is principal and director of research for The Buckingham Family of Financial Services. He has authored or co-authored seven books, including The Only Guide to a Winning Investment Strategy You'll Ever Need.

Larry Swedroe

Larry Swedroe is a principal and the director of research for Buckingham Asset Management and BAM Advisor Services. He has also worked with Prudential Home Mortgage and Citicorp, totaling nearly 40 years of managing financial risks for major corporations and advising individuals on ways to do the same.

His opinions and comments expressed on this site are his own and may not accurately reflect those of the firm.

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