Watch It Now: Obama On Health Care

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>> Announcer: This is a CBS News Special Report, a presidential news conference from CBS News headquarters in New York, here is Katie Couric.

>> Katie Couric: And good evening everyone. It is primetime in much of the country. A good time, President Obama believes, to get your attention. He wants to make his case again for an overhaul of the health care system. The president is facing some tough opposition from Republicans as well as members of his own party, those Blue Dog conservative Democrats, especially after the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated a health care bill making its way through the House without 239 billion dollars to the federal deficit over 10 years. The president insists it would not. White House correspondent Chip Reid is in the East Room tonight. Chip, he's been on television a lot. What is the president's goal tonight?

>> Chip Reid: Well, he is trying to prove that health care is still alive. It's clearly in trouble on Capitol Hill but it does have a pulse. Most Democrats will tell you a fairly strong pulse although I think it's fair to say an irregular pulse at this point, Katie.

>> Katie Couric: Now, this is his fourth primetime news conference in just 6 months. Do they worry about overexposure at all at the White House?

>> Chip Reid: They really don't. They think he is the spokesman for this White House, so they get him out there as much as they possibly can. By comparison, this is his fourth as you said, primetime news conference. George Bush did 4 in 8 years. So they really want him out there as much as they can. They think that's the secret to getting health care back on track.

>> Katie Couric: Now, as chief of staff, Rahm Emanuel has also said simultaneous talking he'll take--Well actually, we'll talk about that later.

>> Ladies and gentlemen, the president of the United States.

>> Katie Couric: Let's go to the East Room.

>> Chip Reid: Okay.

>> Katie Couric: Thanks, Chip.

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>> President Obama: Good evening. Please be seated. Before I take your questions, I wanna talk for a few minutes about the progress we're making on health insurance reform and where it fits into our broader economic strategy. Now 6 months ago, I took office amid the worst recession in half a century. We were losing an average of 700,000 jobs per month, and our financial system was on the verge of collapse. As results of the actions we took in those first weeks, we've been able to pull our economy back from the brink. We took steps to stabilize our financial institutions and our housing market. We passed the Recovery Act that has already saved jobs and created new ones, delivered billions in tax relief to families and small businesses, and extended unemployment insurance and health insurance to those who've been laid off. Of course, we still have a long way to go, and the Recovery Act will continue to save and create more jobs over the next 2 years, just like it was designed to do. I realize this is little comfort to those Americans who are currently out of work. And I'll be honest with you, new hiring is always one of the last things to bounce back after recession. And the fact is even before this crisis hit, we had an economy that was creating a good deal of wealth for those folks at the very top, but not a lot of good paying jobs for the rest of American. It's an economy that simply wasn't ready to compete in the 21st century. One where we've been slow to invest in clean energy technologies that have created new jobs and industries in other countries, where we've watched our graduation rights lag behind too much of the world, and where we spend much more on health care than any other nation but aren't any healthier for it. And that's why I've said that even as we rescue this economy from a full-blown crisis, we must rebuild it stronger than before, and health insurance reform is central to that effort. This is not just about the 47 million Americans who don't have any health insurance at all, reforms about every American who has ever feared that they may lose their coverage if they become too sick, or lose their job, or change their job. It's about every small business that has been forced to lay off employees or cut back on their coverage because it became too expensive. And it's about the fact that the biggest driving force behind our federal deficit is the sky-rocketing cost of Medicare and Medicaid. So let me be clear. If we do not control these costs, we will not be able to control our deficit. If we do not reform health care, your premiums and out-of-pocket costs will continue to sky rocket. If we don't act, 14,000 Americans will continue to lose their health insurance every single day. These are the consequences of inaction. These are the stakes of the debate that we're having right now. I realize that with all the charges and criticisms that are being thrown around in Washington, a lot of Americans may be wondering, "What's in this for me? How does my family stand a benefit from health insurance reform?" So tonight, I wanna answer those questions because even though Congress is still working through a few key issues, we already have rough agreement on the following areas. If you have health insurance, the reform we're proposing will provide you with more security and more stability, and will keep government out of health care decisions, giving you the option to keep your insurance if you're happy with it. They'll prevent insurance companies from dropping your coverage if you get too sick. It will give you the security of knowing that if you lose your job, if you move, or if you change your job, you'll still be able to have coverage. It will limit the amount your insurance company can force you to pay for your medical cost out of your own pocket, and it will cover preventive care like checkups and mammograms that save lives and money. Now, if you don't have health insurance, or you're a small business looking to cover your employees, you'll be able to choose a quality, affordable health plan through a health insurance exchange, a marketplace that promotes choice and competition. And finally, no insurance company will be allowed to deny you coverage because of a preexisting medical condition. I've also pledged that health insurance reform will not add to our deficit over the next decade, and I mean it. In the past 8 years, we saw the enactment of 2 tax cuts, primarily for the wealthiest Americans, and a Medicare prescription program, none of which were paid for. And that's probably why I inherited a 1.3 trillion dollar deficit. That will not happen with health insurance reform. It will be paid for. Already, we've estimated the 2/3 of the cost of reform can be paid for by reallocating money that is simply being wasted in federal health care programs. This includes over 100 billion dollars of unwarranted subsidies that go to insurance companies as part of Medicare, subsidies that do nothing to improve care for our seniors. And I'm pleased the Congress has already embraced these proposals. While they're currently working through proposals to finance the remaining costs, I continue to insist that health reform not be paid for on the backs of middle class families. In addition to making sure that this plan doesn't add to the deficit in the short term, the bill I sign must also slow the growth of health care cost in the long run. Our proposals were change incentives so that doctors and nurses are free to give patients the best care, just not the most expensive care. That's why the nation's largest organizations representing doctors and nurses had embraced our plan. We also wanna create an independent group of doctors and medical experts who are empowered to eliminate waste and inefficiency in Medicare on an annual basis, a proposal that could save even more money and ensure long-term financial health for Medicare. Overall, our proposals will improve the quality of care for our seniors, and save them thousands of dollars on prescription drugs, which is why the ARP has endorsed our reform methods. Not all of the cost savings measures I just mentioned were contained in Congress' draft legislation. But we're now seeing broad agreement, thanks to the work that has been done over the last few days. So even though we still have a few issues to work out, what's remarkable at this point is not how far we have left to go, it's how far we've already come. I understand how easy it is for this time to become consumed in the game of politics, to turn every issue into a running tally of who's up and who's down. I've heard that one republican strategist told his party that even though they may want to compromise, it's better politics to go for the kill. Another Republican senator that the feeding health care reform is about breaking me. So let me be clear. This isn't about me. I have great health insurance, and so does every member of Congress. This debate is about the letters I read when I sit in the Oval Office everyday, and the stories I hear at town hall meetings. This is about the woman in Colorado who paid 700 dollars a month to her insurance company, only to find out that they wouldn't pay a dime for a cancer treatment, where they used up her retirement funds to save her own life. It's about the middle class college graduate from Maryland whose health insurance expired when he changed jobs and woke up from the emergency surgery that he required with 10,000 dollars worth of debt. This is about every family, every business, and every taxpayer who continues to shoulder the burden of a problem that Washington has failed to solve for decades. This debate is not a game for these Americans, and they can't afford to wait any longer for reform. They're counting on us to get this done. They're looking to us for leadership, and we can't let them down. We will pass reform that lowers cost, promotes choice, and provides coverage that every American can count on. And we will do it this year. With that, I'll take your questions, and we are going to start off with Ben Feller of the Associated Press.

>> Ben Feller: Thank you Mr. President. Congress, as you alluded to, is trying to figure out how to pay for all of this reform. Have you told House and Senate leaders which of their ideas are acceptable to you? If so, are you willing to share that stand of yours with the American people? And if you haven't given that kind of direction to congressional leaders, are you willing to--are you willing to explain why you're not stepping in to get a deal done since you're the one setting a deadline?

>> President Obama: Well, before we talk about how to pay for it, let's talk about what exactly needs to be done. And the reason I wanna emphasize this is because there's been a lot of misinformation of it. Right now, premiums for families that have health insurance have doubled over the last 10 years. They've gone up 3 times faster than wages. So, what we know is that if the current trends continue, more and more families are gonna lose health care, more and more families are gonna be in position where they keep their health care but it takes a bigger bite out of their budget. Employers are gonna put more and more of the cost on the employees or they're just gonna stop providing health care altogether. We also know that with health care inflation on the curve that it's on, we are guaranteed to see Medicare and Medicaid basically break the federal budget. And we know that we're spending on average, we, here' in the United States, we're spending about 6000 dollars more than other advanced countries where they're just as healthy. And I've said this before, if you found out that your neighbor had gotten the same car for 6000 dollars less, you'd wanna figure out how to get that deal. And that's what reform is all about. How can we make sure that we are getting the best bang for our health care dollar? Now, what we did very early on was say 2/3 of the cost of health care reform, which includes providing coverage for people who don't have it, making it more affordable for folks who do, and making sure that we're over the long-term creating the kinds of systems where prevention and wellness and information technologies make the system more efficient, that the entire cost of that has to be paid for and it's gotta be debts of neutral. And we identify 2/3 of those costs to be paid for by tax dollars that are already being spent right now. So taxpayers are already putting this money into the kitty. The problem is they're not getting a good deal for the money they're spending. That takes care of about 2/3 of the cost. The remaining 1/3 is what the argument has been about of late. What I've said is that there may be a number of different ways to raise money. I put forward what I thought was the best proposal which was to limit the deductions, the itemized deductions for the wealthiest Americans. People like myself could take the same percentage deduction that middle class families do. And that would raise sufficient funds for that final 1/3. Now so far, we haven't seen any of the bills about that. There are ideas that are out there. I continue to think my idea is the best one, but I'm not foreclosing some of these other ideas as the committees are working them through. The one commitment that I've been clear about is I don't want that final 1/3 of the cost of health care to be completely shouldered on the backs of middle class families who are already struggling in a difficult economy. And so if I see a proposal that is primarily funded through taxing middle class families, I'm gonna be opposed to that because I think there are better ideas to do it. Now there are--you know, I have not yet seen what the senate finance committee is producing. They've got a number of ideas, but we haven't seen a final draft. The House suggested a surcharge on wealthy Americans and my understanding, although I haven't seen the final versions, is that there's been talk about making that basically only apply to families whose joint income is a million dollars. To me, that meets my principle that it's not being shouldered by families who are already having a tough time. But what I wanna do is to see what emerges from these committees, continuing to work to find more savings because I actually think that it's possible for us to fund even more of this process through identifying waste in the system. Try to narrow as much as possible the new revenue that's needed on the front end, and then see how we can piece this thing together in a way that's acceptable to both Democrats, and I hope, some Republicans.

Inaudible Remark

>> President Obama: Absolutely, it's my job. I'm the president. And I think this has to get done. You know, just a broader point. If somebody told you that there is a plan out there that is guaranteed to double your healthcare across over the next 10 years, that's guaranteed to result in more Americans losing their health care, and that is by far, the biggest contributor to our federal deficit. I think most people would be opposed to that. Well, that's the status quo. That's what we have right now. So if we don't change, we can't expect a different result. And that's why I think this is so important, not only for those families out there who are struggling and who needs some protection from abuses in the insurance industry or need some protection from sky-rocketing costs, but it's also important for our economy. And by the way, it's important for families' wages and incomes. One of the things that doesn't get talked about is the fact that when premiums are going up and the cost to employers are going up, that's money that could be going into people's wages and incomes, and over the last decade, we basically saw middle class families, their incomes and wages flat lined. Part of the reason is because health care costs are gobbling that up. And that's what I say, if we can--even if we don't reduce our health care costs by the 6000 dollars that we're paying more than any country on earth, if we just reduced it by 2 or 3000, that would mean money in people's pockets. And that's possible to do, but we're gonna have to make some changes. We're gonna change our health cares delivered to doc--the health care delivery systems works, so that doctors are being paid for the quality of care, not the quantity of care. We gotta make information technology more effective. We gotta have the medical system work in teams so that people don't go through 5 different tests. Those are all critical to do and we can do them. Now I understand that people are feeling uncertain about this. They feel anxious partly because we just become so cynical about what government can accomplish, that people's attitudes are, you know, even though I don't like this devil, at least I know it, and I like that more than the devil I don't know. So folks are skeptical and that is entirely legitimate because they haven't seen a lot of laws coming out of Washington lately that help them. But my hope is, and I'm confident that when people look at the cost of doing nothing, they're gonna say--and we can make this happen. We've made big changes before that end up resulting in a better life for the American people. David Alexander of Reuters.

>> David Alexander: Thank you, Mr. President.

>> President Obama: Yeah.

>> David Alexander: You've been pushing Congress to pass health care reform by August. Why the rush? Are you worried that if you don't, there's a delay until the fall, the whole effort will collapse?

>> President Obama: Couple of points. Number 1, I'm rushed because I get letters everyday from families that are being clobbered by health care costs, and they ask me, "Can you help?" So I've got a middle aged couple that will write me and they say, "Our daughter just found out she's got leukemia and if I don't do something soon, we just either gonna go bankrupt or we're not gonna be able to provide our daughter with the care that she needs." And in a country like ours, that's not right. So that's part of my rush. The second thing is the fact that if you don't set deadlines in this town, things don't happen. The default position is inertia. Because doing something always create some people who are unhappy. There's always gonna be some interest out there that decides, "You know what? The status quo is working for me a little bit better." And the fact that we have made so much progress, where we've got doctors, nurses, hospitals, even the pharmaceutical industry, ARP, saying that this makes sense to do. I think it means that the stars are aligned and we need to take advantage of that. Now, I do think it's important to get this right. And if at the end of the day I do not yet see that we have it right, then I'm not gonna sign a bill that for example adds to our deficit. I won't sign a bill that doesn't reduce health care inflation so that families, as well as government, are saving money. I'm not gonna sign a bill that I don't think will work.

>> President Obama: And my measure of whether things work or not are listening to the American people, but also listening to health care experts who have shown that in some communities, health care is cheaper and delivers a better result. I think we can achieve that. So I'm confident that if we just keep at it, we keep working, we're diligent, we're honest, if we take criticisms that are out there and modify whatever plans are already working through Congress so that it meets those concerns and those criticisms, then we can arrive at a bill that is gonna improve the lives of the American people. And I'll give you one specific example. I think that there was legitimate concern that we had not incorporated all of the measures that could reduce health care inflation over the long term in some of the versions of health care reform that were coming out of the committee. Well over the last week, working with not only health care experts, but also members of Congress who were concerned about this, we actually have now gotten a commitment to incorporate an idea that has a panel of doctors and health care experts advising on how we can get a better value for our money in Medicare. And every expert out there says this can be a valuable tool to start reducing inflation over the long term. So can I say this though if we hadn't had any kind of deadline? That change probably would have never surfaced until who knows when. And so, you know, I want to do this right, but the American people needs some relief. Chuck Todd.

>> Chuck Todd: Thank you, sir. You were just talking in that question about reducing health care inflation, reducing cost, can you explain how you're going to expand coverages, or fair to say is this bill going to cover all 47 million Americans that are uninsured, or is this gonna be something, is it gonna take a mandate? Or is this something that isn't--your bill is probably not gonna get it all the way there? And if it's not gonna get all the way there, can you say how far is enough? You know okay, 20 million more, I can sign that, 10 million more, I can.

>> President Obama: I wanna cover everybody. Now, the truth is that unless you have a--what's called a single pair system in which everybody is automatically covered, then you're probably not gonna reach every single individual because there's always gonna be somebody out there who thinks they're indestructible and doesn't wanna get health care, doesn't bother getting health care. And then unfortunately, when they get hit by a bus, end up in the emergency room and the rest of us have to pay for. But that's not the overwhelming majority of Americans. An overwhelming majority of Americans want health care but millions of them can't afford it. So the plan that has been--that I put forward, and that what we're seeing in Congress would cover the estimates are at least 97 to 98 percent of Americans. There might still be people left out there who even though there's an individual mandate, even though they are required to purchase health insurance, might still not get it. Or despite a lot of subsidies, are still in such dire straits that it's still hard for them to afford it, and we may end up giving them some sort of hardship exemption.

Inaudible Remark

>> President Obama: But--I'm sorry, go ahead.

Inaudible Remark

>> President Obama: So I think that the basic idea should be that in this country, if you want health care, you should be able to get affordable health care. And given the waste that's already in the system right now, if just redesign certain elements of health care, then we can pay for that. We can pay for it in the short term, but we can also pay for it in the long term. And in fact, there's gonna be a whole lot of savings that we obtain from that because for example, the average American family is paying thousands of dollars, in hidden costs, in their insurance premiums, to pay for what's called uncompensated care, people who show up at the emergency room because they don't have a primary care physician. If we can get those people insured, and instead of having a foot amputation because of advanced diabetes, they're getting a nutritionist who's working with them to make sure that they are keeping their diet where it needs to be. That's gonna save us all money in the long term.

>> Chuck Todd: Back to the politics of it. You've mentioned two Republicans in your opening statement, but you have 16 Democratic seats helping majority in the House inaudible. If you don't get this, isn't this a fight inside the Democratic Party, and that Republicans really aren't playing the--you can't really blame the Republicans for this one.

>> President Obama: Well, first of all, you haven't seen me out there blaming the Republicans. I've been a little frustrated by some of the misinformation that's been coming out the Republicans. But that has to do with, as you pointed out, politics. You know if you got somebody out there saying not that you know, let's get the best deal possible but instead says, "Yeah, let's try that. Beat this so we can gain political advantage." Well, you know, that's not I think what the American people expect. I am very appreciative that people like Chuck Grassley on the finance committee in the Senate, people like Mike Enzi, people like Olympia Snowe, had been serious in engaging Democrats in trying to figure out how do we actually get a system that works. And even in those committees where you didn't see Republican votes, we've seen Republican ideas. So for example, in the health committee in the Senate, 160 Republican amendments were adopted into that bill, because they've got good ideas to contribute. So the politics may dictate that they don't vote for health care reform because they think, you know, it will make Obama more vulnerable. But if they've got a good idea, we'll still take it. And in terms of Democrats, the fact of the matter is that because this is a big issue, I think that a lot of Democrats have a lot of different ideas. Some of them had to do with regional disparities. For example, you've got some Democrats who are concerned that the Medicare reimbursement rates in their communities are too low, and so they'd like to see the bill incorporate higher rates for doctors and providers in world communities to incentivize good care in those communities. That's a legitimate concern. But the minute you bring up that concern and that adds money, which means that we then have to find additional dollars. So this is part of just the normal give and take of a legislative process. I'm confident at the end we're gonna have a bill that Democrats and some Republicans support. Jake.

>> Jake: Thank you, Mr. President.

>> President Obama: Yup.

>> Jake: You said earlier that you wanted to tell the American people what's in it for them, how will their family benefit from health care reform. But experts say that in addition to the benefits that you're pushing, there is going to have to be some sacrifice in order for there to be true cost cutting measures, such as Americans giving up tests, referrals, choice, end of life care. When you describe health care reform, you don't--understandably, you don't talk about the sacrifices that Americans might have to make. Do you think you accept the premise that other than some tax increases on the wealthiest Americans, the American people are gonna have to give anything up in order for this to happen?

>> President Obama: They're gonna have to give up paying for things that don't make them healthier. And I, speaking as an American, I think that's the kind of change you want. Look, if right now hospitals and doctors aren't coordinating enough to have you just take one test when you come in because of an illness, but instead have you take one test, then you go to another specialist, you take a second test, then you go to another specialist, you take a third test, and nobody's bothering to send the first test that you took, same test, to the next doctors, you're wasting money. You may not see it because if you had health insurance right now, it's just being sent to the insurance company. But that's raising your premiums. It's raising everybody's premiums, and that money, one way or another is coming out of your pocket although we are also subsidizing some of that because there are tax breaks for health care. So not only is it costing you money in terms of higher premiums, it's also costing you as a taxpayer. Now, I wanna change that. Every American should wanna change that. Why would we wanna pay for things that don't work, that aren't making us healthier? And here's what I'm confident about. If doctors and patients have the best information about what works and what doesn't, then they're gonna want to pay for what works.

>> President Obama: If there's a blue pill and a red pill, and the blue pill is half the price of the red pill and works just as well, why not pay half price for the thing that's gonna make you well? But the system right now doesn't incentivize that. Those are the changes that are gonna be needed--that we're gonna need to make inside the system. It will require, I think patients, to--as well as doctors, as well as hospitals, to be more discriminating consumers. But I think that's a good thing because ultimately, we can't afford this. We just can't afford what we're doing right now. And just to raise a broader issue that I think has colored how we look at health care reform, let me just talk about deficit and debt because part of what's been happening in this debate is the American people are understandably queasy about the huge deficits and debt that we're facing right now. And the feeling is, alright, we had the bank bailout. We had the recovery package. We had the supplemental. We've got the budget. We're seeing numbers trillions here and trillions there, and so I think legitimately, people are saying, "Look, we're in a recession. I'm cutting back, I'm having to give up things, and yet all I see is government spending more and more money." And that argument, I think, has been used effectively by people who don't wanna change health care to suggest that somehow this is one more government program. So I just wanna address that point very quickly. First of all, let's understand that when I came in, we had a 1.3 trillion dollar deficit, annual deficit that we had already inherited. We had to immediately move forward with a stimulus package because the American economy had lost trillions of dollars of wealth. Consumers had lost through their 401k's, through their home values, you name it. They had lost trillions of dollars. That all just went away. That was the day I was sworn in, it was already happening. And we had 700,000 jobs that were being lost. So we felt it was very important to put in place a recovery package that would help stabilize the economy, then we had to pass a budget by law, and our budget had a 10-year projection, and I just want everybody to be clear about this, if we had done nothing, if you had the same old budget as opposed to the changes we made in our budget, you'd have a 9.3 trillion dollar deficit over the next 10 years. Because of the changes we've made, it's gonna be 7.1 trillion. Now that's not good, but it's 2.2 trillion dollars less than it would have been if we had the same policies in place when we came in. So, the reason I point this out is to say that the debt and the deficit are deep concerns of mine. I am very worried about federal spending. And the steps that we've taken so far have reduced federal spending over the next 10 years by 2.2 trillion dollars. It's not enough, but in order for us to do more, we're not only gonna have to eliminate waste in the system, and by the way, we had a big victory yesterday by eliminating a weapons program, the F-22 that the pentagon had repeatedly said we didn't need. So we're gonna have to eliminate waste there. We're gonna have to eliminate no-bid contracts. We're gonna have to do all kinds of reforms in our budgeting, but we're also gonna have to change health care. Otherwise, we can't close that 7.1 trillion dollar gap in the way that the American people want it to change. So in terms of--everybody's who's out there who has been ginned up about this idea that the Obama administration wants to spend and spend and spend, the fact of the matter is is that we inherited an enormous deficit, enormous long-term debt projections. We have not reduced it as much as we need to and as I'd like to, but health care reform is not going to add to that deficit. It's designed to lower it. That's part of the reason why it's so important to do and to do now. Chip Reid.

>> Chip Reid: Thank you, Mr. President. On Medicare, there are obviously millions of Americans who depend on Medicare. And when you talk about bending the long-term cost downward or when you talk about cuts in the current proposal on Capitol Hill, you talk about cuts in Medicare, and they talk about cuts in Medicare, but there are never many specifics. Specifically, what kind of pain, what kind of sacrifice are you calling on beneficiaries to make an even if not right away, aren't future beneficiaries going to be getting less generous benefits than today is?

>> President Obama: No. No.

>> Chip Reid: And a subsidiary question, what do you think about taking it out of political realm and giving it to an outside body of experts to take the politics out of Medicare?

>> President Obama: Well, on the second point, that's exactly what our proposal is. It--called the Medpack Program. By the way, it was originally a Republican idea. I wanna give credit where credit is due. The Republican congress passed in a bill that created a panel of health care experts to make recommendations to Congress on how we could get better quality, lower cost. The problem is, every year, they would just go on a shelf and nobody would act on it. So what we've said is let's give that body some power. Let's require Congress to vote on the proposals that they're making every year. Congress can still reject them, so it's not completely removing it from politics. But they have to reject or accept it as a package. And that, I think, would incentivize and empower important changes. But here's the thing I wanna emphasize, Chip. It's not going to reduce Medicare benefits. What it's going to do is to change how those benefits are delivered so that they're more efficient. Let me give you a very specific example. You've heard that as a consequence of our efforts of reform, the pharmaceutical industry has already said they're willing to put 80 billion dollars on the table. And why is that? Well, the reason is because there's probably even more waste than 80 billion dollars in terms of how the drug plan in Medicare is administered. We might be able to get 100 billion out of it or more. But the pharmaceutical industry voluntarily said, "Here's 80 billion dollars." You know what that trans--what that means? That means that senior citizens who right now have a so called donut hole in their plan where after spending a certain amount on prescription drugs, suddenly they drop off a cliff and they've gotta pocket the entire cost. Suddenly, half of that is filled. That's a hard commitment that we already have. So that's a change in how we are delivering Medicare. But you know what, it turns out that it means out of pocket savings for seniors. That's why AARP has endorsed this. Okay. Christy Parson phonetic.

>> Christy Parson: Inaudible and you promised that health care negotiations would take place on C-SPAN, and that hasn't happened. And your administration recently turned down a request from a watchdog group seeking a list of health care executives who visited the White House to talk about health care reform. Also, the TARP inspector general recently said that your White House is withholding too much information on the bank bailouts. So my question for you is, are you fulfilling your promise of transparency in the White House?

>> President Obama: Well, on the list of health care executives who visited us, most of the time, you guys have been in there taking pictures. So it hasn't been a secret, and my understanding is we just sent a letter out providing a full list of all the executives. But frankly, these have mostly been at least photo sprays where you could see who was participating. With respect to all the negotiations not being on C-SPAN, you will recall in this very room that our kickoff event was here on C-SPAN. And at a certain point, yeah, you start getting into all kinds of different meetings. So the finance is having a meeting. The House is having a meeting. If they wanted those to be on C-SPAN, then I would welcome it. I don't think there are a lot of secrets going on in there. And the last question with respect to TARP, I--let me take a look at what exactly they say we have not provided. I think that we've provided much greater transparency than existed prior to our administration coming in. It is a big program. I don't know exactly what's been requested. I'll find out and I will have an answer for you. Okay. Julie Allen phonetic.

Pause

>> Julie Allen: Thank you, Mr. President. You've said that recent bank profits indicate that there's been no sense of remorse on Wall Street for risky behavior that we haven't seen a change in culture there. Would--do you think that your administration needs to be taking a harder line on Wall--with Wall Street? And also, would you consider going a step further than your regulatory reform proposals and supporting a fee on risky activities that go beyond traditional lending?

>> President Obama: We were on the verge of a complete financial melt back, and the reason was because Wall Street took extraordinary risks with other people's money. They were peddling loans that they knew could never be paid back. They were flipping those loans and leveraging those loans and higher and higher mountains of debt were being built on loans that were fundamentally unsound. And all of us now are paying the price. Now, I believe it was the right thing to do. As unpopular as it is, it was the right thing for us to do, to step in to make sure that the financial system did not collapse, because things would be even worse today had those steps not been taken. It originated under the Bush administration. We continued it because whether you're on the left or the right, if you talk to economists, they said that this could have the kinds of consequences that would drop this into a deep depression. They're not simply a very severe recession. Now, one of the success stories of the past 6 months is that we really have seen a stabilization in the financial system. It's not where it needs to be but people are no longer talking about the financial system falling off a cliff. We've stepped away from the brink, and that's important because what it means is there are a lot of companies right now that can go into the marketplace and borrow money to fund inventory from payroll, and that will help the economy grow as a whole. The problem is now that the financial system has bounced back, what you're seeing is that banks are starting to make profits again. Some of them have paid back the TARP money that they received, the bank bailout money that they received. And we expect more of them to pay this back. That's a good thing. And we also think it's a good thing that they're profitable again. Because if they're profitable, that means that they have reserves in place and they can lend. And this is America. So if you're profitable in the free market system, then you benefit. But what we haven't seen I think is the kind of change in behavior and practices on Wall Street that would ensure that we don't find ourselves in a fix again where we got to bail out this folks and while they're taking huge risks and taking huge bonuses. So, what do I think we need to do? We've gotta pass financial regulatory reform and, you know, this is an example of where folks say, "Well, you know, should the Obama administration be taking on too much?" The fact of the matter is that if we don't pass financial regulatory reform, then banks are going to go back to the same things that they were doing before. In some ways, it could be worse because now they know that the federal government may think that they're too big to fail. And so if they're unconstrained, they could take even more risks. And so, there are number of elements of financial regulatory reform. With respect to compensation, I'd like to think that people would feel a little remorse and feel embarrassed and would not get million dollar or multimillion dollar bonuses. But if shame does not work, then I think one proposal that I put forward is to make sure that at least shareholders of these companies know what their executives are being compensated. And that may force some reductions. For banks that are still receiving taxpayer assistance, we have a set of rules that gives us some control on reducing unwarranted compensation. And in terms of the last point that you made, which is the possibility of fees for transactions that we wanna discourage, that is one of the ideas that is gonna be working its way through the process. I think at minimum, what we wanna do is to make sure that to the extent the federal government is gonna have to be a backstop just like the federal deposit insurance corporation, what everybody is familiar with FDIC, the reason that when you put your deposits in your bank, you can have confidence that they're insured. That's paid for through bank fees. We may need to make sure that there is a similar mechanism in place for some of this other far-out transactions. So if you guys wanna do them, then you gotta put something in the kitty to make sure that if you screw up, it's not taxpayer dollars that have to pay for it, but it's dollars coming out of your profits. Steve Koff, the Cleveland Plain Dealer.

>> Steve Koff: Thank you. To follow up on Jake's question earlier, sir, so many Americans are concerned that this plan, particularly the government insurance, the public option would lead to reduce benefits or reduce coverage. Two questions, one, can you guarantee that this legislation will lock in and say the government will never deny any services that that's gonna be decided by the doctor and the patient, and the government will not deny any coverage. And secondarily, can you, as a symbolic gesture, say that you and the Congress will abide by the same benefits in that public option?

>> President Obama: Well, number one, not only the public option but the insurance regulation that we wanna put in place will largely match up with what members of Congress are getting through the federal employee plan. That's a good example of what we're trying to build for the American people. The same thing the Congress enjoys, which is they go, there's a marketplace of different plans that they can access, depending on what's best for their families. Now one of the plans that we talked about is a public option. And part of the reason we want to have a public option is just to help keep the insurance companies honest. If the insurance companies are providing good care, and as it is, they're gonna be more regulated so that they can't deny you care because of a preexisting condition or because you changed jobs or because they've decided you are too sick and not a good risk. With regulation, there's already gonna be some improvement in the insurance industry. But having a public plan out there that also shows that maybe if you take some of the profit mode of that, maybe if you are reducing some of the administrative cost that you can get an even better deal, that's gonna incentivize the private sector to do even better. And that's a good thing. That's a good thing. Now, you know, there had been reports just over the last couple of days of insurance companies making record profits right now. At a time when everybody's getting hammered, they're making record profits and premiums are going up. What's the constraint on that? How can you ensure that those costs aren't being passed on to employers or passed on to employees, the American people, ordinary middle class families, in a way that over time it's gonna make them broke. Well, part of the way is to make sure that there's some competition out there. So that's the idea. Now, to get to your original question, can I guarantee that there are gonna be no changes in the health care delivery system? No. The whole point of this is to try to encourage changes that work for the American people and make them healthier. Now, the government already is making some of these decisions. More importantly, insurance companies right now are making those decisions. And part of what we wanna do is to make sure that those decisions are being made by doctors and medical experts based on evidence, based on what works 'cause that's not how it's working right now. That's not how it's working right now. Right now, doctors, a lot of times are forced to make decisions based on the fee payment schedule that's out there. So if they look at them and you come in and you've got a bad sore throat, or your child has a bad sore throat, or has repeated sore throats. The doctor may look at the reimbursement system and say to himself, "You know what, I make a lot more money if I take this kid's tonsils out." Now that may be the right thing to do, but I'd rather have that doctor making those decisions just based on whether you really need your kid's tonsils out or whether it might make more sense just to change, maybe they have allergies, maybe they have something else that would make a difference. So part of what we wanna do is to free doctors, patients, hospitals, to make decisions based on what's best for patient care.

>> President Obama: And that's the whole idea behind Mayo. That's the whole idea behind the Cleveland Clinic. I'm gonna be visiting your hometown tomorrow to go to the Cleveland Clinic to show, to show why their system work so well. And part of the reason it works well is because they've set up a system where patient care is the number one concern, not bureaucracy, what forms had to be filled up, what do we get reimbursed for? Those are changes that I think the American people want to see.

Inaudible Remark

>> President Obama: You know, I would be happy to abide by the same benefit package. I will just be honest with you. I'm the president of the United States so I've got a doctor following me every minute, laughter which is why I say this is not about me. I've got the best health care in the world. I'm trying to make sure that everybody has good health care, and they don't right now.

>> Last question inaudible.

>> President Obama: Lynn Sweet.

Inaudible Group Discussion

>> President Obama: Oh.

Laughter

>> President Obama: Well I said Steve Koff, but he just stood up, huh?

Laughter

Inaudible Remark

>> President Obama: Well that's not fair. Shame on you. Alright, get in there real quick, Steve.

>> Steve Koff: Cleveland Connections, I appreciate that. You cited the Mayo Clinic and the Cleveland Clinics as models for the delivery of health care in the past. The Mayo Clinic though has some problems with the House proposal saying they're not focused enough on patients and on results. What do you expect to achieve tomorrow by going to the Cleveland Clinic which hasn't stated an opinion. And now you're expecting some form of endorsement from the Cleveland Clinic.

>> President Obama: I'm not expecting an endorsement. The Cleveland Clinic is simply a role model for some of the kind of changes that we wanna see. I think it's important to know that the Mayo Clinic was initially critical and concerned about whether there were enough changes in the delivery system and cost saving measures in the original House bill after they found out that we have put forward very specific mechanisms for this Medpack idea, this idea of experts getting the politics out of health care and making decisions based on the best evidence out there. They wrote in their blog the very next day that we actually think this would make a difference, okay? Alright, I try to make that short so that Lynn Sweet would get her last question.

>> Lynn Sweet: Thank you Mr. President. Recently Henry Louis Gates, Jr. was arrested at his home in Cambridge. What does that incident say to you and what does it say about race relations in America?

>> President Obama: Well, I should say at the outset that Skip Gates is a friend so I may be a little biased here. I don't know all the facts. What's been reported though is that the guy forgot his keys, jimmied his way to get into the house. There was a report called in to the police station that there might be a burglary taken place. So far so good, right? I mean if I was trying to jigger--and then well I guess this is my house now so laughter it probably wouldn't happen. But let's say my old house in Chicago. Here, I'd get shot.

Laughter

>> President Obama: But so far so good. They're reporting, the police are doing what they should. There's a call, they go investigate what happens. My understanding is at that point, Professor Gates is already in his house. The police officer comes in. I'm sure there is some exchange of words, but my understanding is is that Professor Gates then shows his ID to show that this is his house. And at that point, he gets arrested for disorderly conduct, charges which are later dropped. Now I don't know, not having been there and not seeing all the facts, what role race played in that. But I think it's fair to say number one, any of us would be pretty angry. Number two, that the Cambridge police acted stupidly in arresting somebody when there was already proof that they were in their own home. And number three, what I think we know separate in the part from this incident is that there's a long history in this county of African-Americans and Latinos being stopped by law enforcement disproportionately. That's just the fact as you know when--when I was in the state legislature in Illinois. We worked on a racial profiling bill because there was indisputable evidence that blacks and Hispanics we're being stopped disproportionably. And that is a sign, an example of how, you know, race remains a factor in the society. That doesn't lessen the incredible progress that has been made. I'm standing here as testimony to the progress that's been made, and yet the fact of the matter is is that, you know, this still haunts us. And even when there are honest misunderstandings, the fact that blacks and Hispanics are picked up more frequently and often time for no cause cast suspicion even where there is good cause, and that's why I think the more that we're working with local law enforcement to improve policing techniques so that we're eliminating potential bias, the safer everybody is gonna be, alright? Thank you everybody.

Inaudible Remark

>> Katie Couric: So, whether than a question about Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates in an incident in Cambridge, Massachusetts as well as a question about the bank bailout, the president serves up a kind of combo platter tonight, a news conference and an address to the nation as he continues his full-court press for health care reform in this country. He said it's not just about insuring the uninsured but controlling cost for people who do have insurance and keeping them from losing that insurance. And if you don't like his plan, he said there's another one called the status quo that he said would double your health care cost over the next 10 years. And what will you have to give up to get reform? He said "paying for things that don't make you healthier, for instance getting multiple tests from different doctors for the same condition." Watching this news conference from our Washington DC Bureau is of course Bob Schieffer. And Bob, the president tried to answer the question he said many Americans have right now, "What's in it for me?" Do you think he was persuasive and reassuring enough tonight?

>> Bob Schieffer: Well, the president put it in the starkest terms that he's put it yet. He said "If we don't get this, it's gonna put everybody's health care in danger whether you have health insurance or not and it's going to bankrupt, it's gonna wreck the federal budget. He tried to argue that we have no choice but to do this. But what the president's really trying to do here I think, Katie, is take control of something that he had kinda formed out the Congress. He told Congress to come up with a health care reform plan that met his goals for a reform. And so far, they haven't done it. They're still mired in debate and the fact that they're not close to an agreement yet is we just saw it. He had to call a news conference tonight to try to gain control of this. Now maybe he can delete, maybe he can't. This thing is in a stage now, I think, where it could go either way. But the president is a good salesman. His people think he's the best salesman in his administration so they put him on television tonight. They've been putting him on television almost 24/7 and you're gonna keeping seeing him here as he tries to get control of this once again, because as he argued tonight, in his words, we have no choice but to do this.

>> Katie Couric: And Nancy Cordes is on Capitol Hill. Nancy, has the president faced a lot of criticism for not really rolling up his sleeves and getting into the nitty-gritty details of this legislation, and how much of an uphill battle in your view is he facing right now?

>> Nancy Cordes: Well, members of Congress say privately that they don't think that they will meet for example that August deadline that he has set which is now just a few days away. They say that they're glad that he is keeping an open mind as they try to work through all of the different options that are on the table, however, they would like more guidance from him on some of these very important issues, how to pay for health care reform. It would give them some cover, they say, if he would come out and say this is the way that you should be paying for health care reform.

>> Katie Couric: Instead of making them make these hard choices.

>> Nancy Cordes: Absolutely. And there are so many choices to be made. And as you saw this week, Katie, Democrats don't agree on which way is best to pay for health care, and so they're now arguing among themselves and it looks like they will go back for their August recesses without having a specific decision.

>> Katie Couric: Alright, Nancy Cordes on Capitol Hill. Nancy, thank you very much. There will be more about the president's news conference on your local news on this CBS station. And for some of you in the west straight ahead right here on the CBS Evening News. I'm Katie Couric, CBS News New York.

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